Vitamin D deficiency in children: A review on prevention and treatment strategy.

As an essential fat-soluble vitamin in human body, the main function of vitamin D (VD) is mediated by its receptor. In the past decade, VD has drawn gradual and consistent attention from the scientific community and health professionals. According to epidemiological survey, approximately one billion people are under the state of vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency in the world. This phenomenon is also very common in China. By participating in calcium and phosphorus absorption from GIT, VD stands as a very important functional immune regulator. It plays a vital role in modulating both innate and adaptive immune responses, mainly through the modulation of growth, differentiation and function of a variety of immune cells, and the influence of secretion of cytokines and antimicrobial peptides. VD deficiency and pediatric diseases such as acute lower respiratory infection and asthma are associated with not only pediatric skeletal disorders (including nutritional rickets，osteomalacla，and osteoporosis), but also pediatric non-skeletal disorders, such as mortality rate, cardiovascular disorders and mortality，metabolic syndrome (including obesity，impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), diabetes mellitus, lipid metabolism disorders and hypertension), cancer，infection，allergy and asthma, neurological and mental diseas-es，autoimmune diseases，and chronic kidney diseases. Although VD treatment of skeletal disorders has been widely recognized，its efficacy and long-term effect on non-skeletal disorders is not clear. Hence, for the benefit of general children and their families, aim of the present review is to determine some convincing facts of evidence-based medicine about Chinese children, and to discuss certain reasonable, right and effective measures to prevent VD deficiency thereby reducing the risk of rickets.

The analysis of the effectiveness and safety of levofloxacin in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infection.

Objective of the current study was to investigate the effectiveness and safety of levofloxacin in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infection. The study was carried out in hospital on 120 patients with lower respiratory tract infection from January 2014 to January 2015. Patients were randomly divided into control and observation groups, each group contained 60 patients. The control group was given the routine dose of levofloxacin, whereas the observation group received the high dose of levofloxacin. The clinical effectiveness and incidence rate of untoward reactions between the two groups were statistically analyzed and evaluated. Patients’ cure rate in the observation group was 53.33%, significantly higher than that of the control group which was only 36.67%. Their differences have statistical significance (P<0.05). Observation group demonstrated a very good total effective rate of 93.33%, compared to the control group (78.33%). Their differences have statistical significance (P<0.05). Incidence of adverse reactions in case of both the observation and control group patients, were relatively low, resulting insignificant statistical difference between the groups (P>0.05). This study shows better clinical curative effect of high doses of levofloxacin treating lower respiratory infection with minimum risk. This method, which can significantly improve the quality of patient treatment with low adverse reaction risk, is worth popularizing in clinical use.

A comparative study for evaluating flurbiprofen effectiveness in postoperative pain.

Aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of flurbiprofen, which is a member of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug group (NSAIDs), on postoperative pain treatment. From September 2013 to May 2014, total of 250 patients were surveyed to perform a systematic evaluation of postoperative pain by comparing flurbiprofen with two other kinds of NSAIDs (diclofenac and ketorolac) and isotonic saline in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Patients were randomized for treatment: 65 cases received flurbiprofen, 60 cases received diclofenac sodium, 60 cases received ketorolac and 65 cases received the placebo (0.9% isotonic saline) (control group). After 24-hours of surgery patients treated with flurbiprofen, ketorolac, and diclofenac showed the lowermost PPI scores compared with those treated with 0.9% isotonic saline (P<0.05). Moreover, flurbiprofen-treated patients also had the lowest PRI(R)T scores (P<0.05). When the pain rating index was examined by subclass, a significantly lower PRI(R)S score was detected in the flurbiprofen group at 24 hours (P<0.05). However, at the 96-hour time point, no differences that were found in PPI and PRI[R] scores between the ketorolac, diclofenac, and flurbiprofen groups, whereas the control group was significantly less effective than the NSAID drugs. Flurbiprofen seemed to be the most effective NSAID for the treatment of pain after internal fixation of fracture, even though at 24 hours after surgery pain was at a maximum.

Vitamin D deficiency in children: A review on prevention and treatment strategy.

As an essential fat-soluble vitamin in human body, the main function of vitamin D (VD) is mediated by its receptor. In the past decade, VD has drawn gradual and consistent attention from the scientific community and health professionals. According to epidemiological survey, approximately one billion people are under the state of vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency in the world. This phenomenon is also very common in China. By participating in calcium and phosphorus absorption from GIT, VD stands as a very important functional immune regulator. It plays a vital role in modulating both innate and adaptive immune responses, mainly through the modulation of growth, differentiation and function of a variety of immune cells, and the influence of secretion of cytokines and antimicrobial peptides. VD deficiency and pediatric diseases such as acute lower respiratory infection and asthma are associated with not only pediatric skeletal disorders (including nutritional rickets，osteomalacla，and osteoporosis), but also pediatric non-skeletal disorders, such as mortality rate, cardiovascular disorders and mortality，metabolic syndrome (including obesity，impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), diabetes mellitus, lipid metabolism disorders and hypertension), cancer，infection，allergy and asthma, neurological and mental diseas-es，autoimmune diseases，and chronic kidney diseases. Although VD treatment of skeletal disorders has been widely recognized，its efficacy and long-term effect on non-skeletal disorders is not clear. Hence, for the benefit of general children and their families, aim of the present review is to determine some convincing facts of evidence-based medicine about Chinese children, and to discuss certain reasonable, right and effective measures to prevent VD deficiency thereby reducing the risk of rickets.

The analysis of the effectiveness and safety of levofloxacin in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infection.

Objective of the current study was to investigate the effectiveness and safety of levofloxacin in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infection. The study was carried out in hospital on 120 patients with lower respiratory tract infection from January 2014 to January 2015. Patients were randomly divided into control and observation groups, each group contained 60 patients. The control group was given the routine dose of levofloxacin, whereas the observation group received the high dose of levofloxacin. The clinical effectiveness and incidence rate of untoward reactions between the two groups were statistically analyzed and evaluated. Patients’ cure rate in the observation group was 53.33%, significantly higher than that of the control group which was only 36.67%. Their differences have statistical significance (P<0.05). Observation group demonstrated a very good total effective rate of 93.33%, compared to the control group (78.33%). Their differences have statistical significance (P<0.05). Incidence of adverse reactions in case of both the observation and control group patients, were relatively low, resulting insignificant statistical difference between the groups (P>0.05). This study shows better clinical curative effect of high doses of levofloxacin treating lower respiratory infection with minimum risk. This method, which can significantly improve the quality of patient treatment with low adverse reaction risk, is worth popularizing in clinical use.

A comparative study for evaluating flurbiprofen effectiveness in postoperative pain.

Aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of flurbiprofen, which is a member of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug group (NSAIDs), on postoperative pain treatment. From September 2013 to May 2014, total of 250 patients were surveyed to perform a systematic evaluation of postoperative pain by comparing flurbiprofen with two other kinds of NSAIDs (diclofenac and ketorolac) and isotonic saline in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Patients were randomized for treatment: 65 cases received flurbiprofen, 60 cases received diclofenac sodium, 60 cases received ketorolac and 65 cases received the placebo (0.9% isotonic saline) (control group). After 24-hours of surgery patients treated with flurbiprofen, ketorolac, and diclofenac showed the lowermost PPI scores compared with those treated with 0.9% isotonic saline (P<0.05). Moreover, flurbiprofen-treated patients also had the lowest PRI(R)T scores (P<0.05). When the pain rating index was examined by subclass, a significantly lower PRI(R)S score was detected in the flurbiprofen group at 24 hours (P<0.05). However, at the 96-hour time point, no differences that were found in PPI and PRI[R] scores between the ketorolac, diclofenac, and flurbiprofen groups, whereas the control group was significantly less effective than the NSAID drugs. Flurbiprofen seemed to be the most effective NSAID for the treatment of pain after internal fixation of fracture, even though at 24 hours after surgery pain was at a maximum.